What characterizes the public sphere as described by Habermas?

The correct characterization of the public sphere as described by Habermas is that it brackets class differences and personal concerns. This concept emphasizes the importance of creating a space where individuals can come together to engage in rational discourse, deliberating issues of common concern without the influence of social status, wealth, or personal biases interfering with the dialogue.

In Habermas's view, the public sphere functions best when participants can set aside their individual class affiliations and personal interests to contribute to a collective understanding and to reach consensus on various societal issues. This characteristic is fundamental to fostering a democratic environment where everyone’s voice can be heard equally, allowing for a more inclusive and balanced discussion.

The other options do not align with Habermas's vision. For instance, focusing solely on expert opinions restricts the breadth of participation and democratic engagement. Promoting individual perspectives at the expense of community outcomes undermines the collective nature of the public sphere. Finally, encouraging emotional arguments can detract from rational debate and dialogue, which are central to the ideal functioning of the public sphere.