Which of the following factors contributes to the effectiveness of debates for candidates?

The effectiveness of debates for candidates is significantly influenced by the presence of undecided voters. When voters are unsure about their choices, debates serve as a crucial platform for candidates to present their policies, character, and proposed solutions directly to the electorate. This exposure is essential in swaying opinions and helping undecided voters make informed decisions, as they are often looking for clarity on various issues before finalizing their votes.

Debates offer a chance for candidates to differentiate themselves from one another and to address questions that might resonate specifically with this group of undecided individuals. The stakes are particularly high when engaging those who have yet to commit to a candidate, making their presence during the debate especially vital for the candidates' strategies.

The other factors, while contributing to the overall structure and approach of a debate, do not have the same direct impact on voter engagement and decision-making as the presence of undecided voters.