Which step is included in both attack and defense processes?

Flowing the opposing case is an essential step in both attack and defense processes in a debate. Flowing involves taking detailed notes on what the opposing team presents, allowing debaters to track arguments, responses, and overall strategy throughout the debate round. By accurately flowing the opposing case, a debater can effectively identify strengths and weaknesses in the opponent's arguments, which is crucial for forming counterarguments during their own attack and for adequately defending against those arguments in their defense.

In the context of debate, both offensive and defensive roles require a clear understanding of what the opponent is asserting. This understanding informs how a debater will tailor their responses and how they will build their case. Therefore, flowing is not only about effective note-taking; it also serves as a strategic tool that enhances a debater's ability to engage with the opposing case critically.

In contrast, performing defenses and developing the case are actions more commonly associated with a specific role—defending or constructing one's argument—rather than being central to both attacking and defending stances in a debate.